Use Liquid Coconut Oil as Art Medium for Oil Pastels
An oil pastel is a painting and drawing medium formed into a stick which consists of paint mixed with a folder mixture of non-drying oil and wax, in contrast to other pastel sticks which are made with a glue or methyl cellulose binder, and in contrast to wax crayons which are made without oil. The surface of an oil pastel painting is less powdery than one made from gum pastels, but more difficult to protect with a fixative. Oil pastels are assuming and vivid. They can be blended easily but they can intermission easily likewise.
History [edit]
Portrait of a child made from oil pastels.
At the stop of Earth War I, Kanae Yamamoto proposed an overhaul of the Japanese education system.[1] He idea that information technology had been geared besides much towards uncritical absorption of data by imitation and wanted to promote a less restraining system, a vision he expounded in his volume Theory of self-expression which described the Jiyu-ga method, "learning without a teacher". Teachers Rinzo Satake and his blood brother-in-constabulary Shuku Sasaki read Yamamoto's piece of work and became fanatical supporters. They became keen to implement his ideas past replacing the many hours Japanese children had to spend cartoon ideograms with black Indian ink with free cartoon hours, filled with as much color as possible. For this, they decided to produce an improved wax crayon and in 1921 founded the Sakura Cray-Pas Company and began production.[1]
The new product was not completely satisfactory, as pigment concentration was depression and blending was impossible, so in 1924 they decided to develop a loftier viscosity crayon: the oil pastel. This used a mixture of mashed methane series wax, stearic acid and coconut oil as a binder.[i] Designed as a relatively cheap, easily applied, colorful medium, oil pastels granted younger artists and students a greater liberty of expression than the expensive chalk-like pastels normally associated with the fine arts. Until the add-on of a stabiliser in 1927, oil pastels came in two types: winter pastels with additional oil to prevent hardening and summer pastels with little oil to avoid melting.[1] State schools could not afford the medium and, suspicious of the very thought of "self-expression" in general, favoured the coloured pencil, a cheaper German language invention so widely promoted in Europe as a ways to instill work bailiwick in young children.
Oil pastels were an firsthand commercial success and other manufacturers were quick to have up the idea, such every bit Dutch visitor Talens, who began to produce Panda Pastels in 1930. However, none of these were comparable to the professional quality oil pastels produced today. These early products were intended to introduce western art teaching to Japanese children, and not as a fine arts medium, although Sakura managed to persuade some avant-garde artists to acquaint themselves with the technique, among them Pablo Picasso.
In 1947, Picasso, who for many years had been unable to procure oil pastels considering of the state of war conditions, convinced Henri Sennelier, a French manufacturer who specialized in high quality fine art products, to develop a fine arts version. In 1949, Sennelier produced the first oil pastels intended for professionals and experienced artists.[2] These were superior in wax viscosity, texture and paint quality and capable of producing more consistent and attractive work. Picasso requested that these be produced in 48 dissimilar colours.[1]
The Japanese Holbein brand of oil pastels appeared in the mid-1980s with both student and professional grades; the latter with a range of 225 colours.
Use [edit]
Oil pastels tin be used directly in dry course; when done lightly, the resulting effects are like to oil paints. Heavy build-ups can create an almost impasto effect. Once applied to a surface, the oil pastel pigment can be manipulated with a brush moistened in white spirit, turpentine, linseed oil, or another blazon of vegetable oil or solvent. Alternatively, the drawing surface tin be oiled before drawing or the pastel itself can exist dipped in oil. Some of these solvents pose serious health concerns.[three]
Oil pastels are considered a fast medium because they are like shooting fish in a barrel to paint with and user-friendly to carry; for this reason they are ofttimes used for sketching, but can also be used for sustained works. Because oil pastels never dry out completely, they need to be protected somehow, oft by applying a special fixative to the painting or placing the painting in a sleeve and so inside a frame. There are some known durability issues: firstly, every bit the oil doesn't dry, it keeps permeating the paper. This process degrades both the paper and the color layer as it reduces the flexibility of the latter. A second problem is that the stearic acid makes the paper breakable. Lastly both the stearic acid and the wax will exist prone to efflorescence or "wax blossom", the building-up of fatty acids and wax on the surface into an opaque white layer. This is easily made transparent once more past gentle polishing with a woolen cloth; but the three effects together effect in a colour layer consisting mainly of brittle stearic acid on summit of breakable paper, a combination that will crumble easily. A long term concern is simple evaporation: palmitic acid is often present and half of information technology will take evaporated within 40 years; within 140 years half of the stearic acrid will have disappeared. Impregnation of the unabridged art piece of work by beeswax has been evaluated as a conservation measure out.
Surface and techniques [edit]
An instance of the scraping down technique
The surface called for oil pastels tin have a very dramatic upshot on the concluding painting. Paper is a common surface, but this medium can exist used on other surfaces including forest, metallic, hardboard (often known as "masonite"), MDF, canvas and drinking glass. Many companies make papers specifically for pastels that are suitable for use with oil pastels.
Building up layers of colour with the oil pastel, called layering, is a very common technique. Other techniques include underpainting and scraping downwards or sgraffito. Turpentine, or similar liquids such as mineral spirits, are often used as a blending tool to create a launder outcome similar to some watercolor paintings. Commercially available oil sketching papers are preferred for such technique.
Grades [edit]
A composite picture using mineral spirits and oil pastels
There are a number of types of oil pastels, each of which can be classified as either scholastic, student or professional course.
Scholastic grade is the lowest grade; generally the oil pastels are harder and less vibrant than higher grades. Information technology is more often than not meant for children or new users of oil pastels, and is fairly inexpensive compared to other grades. The heart class, student course, is meant for art students and is softer and more vibrant than scholastic course. They are usually more expensive. Professional grade is the highest class of oil pastel, and are also the softest and near vibrant, but tin exist very expensive.
See besides [edit]
- Oil stick
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d e Fisher (2019). Beginner'due south Guide to Painting with Oil Pastels. Search Press Limited. ISBN978-1-78126-704-ii.
- ^ "Art and History Intersect at a Paris Shop". NPR. 2006-07-27. Retrieved 2018-06-17 .
- ^ "Section ten: Painting and Drawing". Environmental Wellness & Safety | Baylor Academy . Retrieved 2018-09-08 .
Farther reading [edit]
- Leslie, Kenneth. Oil Pastel: Materials and Techniques for Today's Artist, Watson-Guptill Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-8230-3310-4.
- Chiliad.H.Ellis, "Oil Pastel", in Media and Techniques of Works of Art on Newspaper, New York University Conservation Center of the Found of Fine Arts, New York, 1999.
- Elliot, John. Oil Pastel: for the Serious Beginner, Watson-Guptill Publications, 2002. ISBN 0-8230-3311-2.
External links [edit]
- The Oil Pastel Society
- https://web.annal.org/web/20070716232500/http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/waac/wn/wn21/wn21-ane/wn21-106.html for a discussion of the evaporation and efflorescence.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_pastel
0 Response to "Use Liquid Coconut Oil as Art Medium for Oil Pastels"
Post a Comment